Security Knowledge Framework
  • Introduction
  • Auth Bypass
    • Python - Auth Bypass
    • NodeJS - Auth Bypass
  • Auth Bypass - 1
    • Python - Auth Bypass - 1
    • NodeJS - Auth Bypass - 1
    • Java - Auth Bypass - 1
  • Auth Bypass - 2
    • Python - Auth Bypass - 2
    • NodeJS - Auth Bypass - 2
    • Java - Auth Bypass - 2
  • Auth-bypass - 3
    • Python - Auth-bypass - 3
    • NodeJS - Auth-bypass - 3
    • Java - Auth-bypass - 3
  • Auth-bypass - Simple
    • Python - Auth-bypass - Simple
    • NodeJS - Auth-bypass - Simple
    • Java - Auth-bypass - Simple
  • Client Side Restriction Bypass
    • Python - Client Side Restriction Bypass
    • NodeJS - Client Side Restriction Bypass
    • Java - Client Side Restriction Bypass
  • Client Side Restriction Bypass - Harder
    • Python - Client Side Restriction Bypass - Harder
    • NodeJS - Client Side Restriction Bypass - Harder
    • Java - Client Side Restriction Bypass - Harder
  • Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
    • Python - Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
    • NodeJS - Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
    • Java - Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
  • Command Injection (CMD)
    • Python - Command Injection (CMD)
    • NodeJS - Command Injection (CMD)
    • Java - Command Injection (CMD)
  • Command Injection 2 (CMD-2)
    • Python - Command Injection 2 (CMD-2)
    • NodeJS - Command Injection 2 (CMD-2)
    • Java - Command Injection 2 (CMD-2)
  • Command Injection 3 (CMD-3)
    • Python - Command Injection 3 (CMD-3)
    • Java - Command Injection 3 (CMD-3)
  • Command Injection 4 (CMD-4)
    • Python - Command Injection 4 (CMD-4)
    • NodeJS - Command Injection 4 (CMD-4)
    • Java - Command Injection 4 (CMD-4)
  • Command Injection Blind (CMD-Blind)
    • Python - Command Injection Blind (CMD-Blind)
    • NodeJS - Command Injection Blind (CMD-Blind)
    • Java - Command Injection Blind (CMD-Blind)
  • Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
    • Python - Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
    • NodeJS - Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
    • Java - Content-Security-Policy (CSP)
  • CORS exploitation
    • Python - CORS exploitation
    • Java - CORS exploitation
  • Credentials Guessing
    • Python - Credentials Guessing
    • NodeJS - Credentials Guessing
    • Java - Credentials Guessing
  • Credentials Guessing - 2
    • Python - Credentials Guessing - 2
    • NodeJS - Credentials Guessing - 2
    • Java - Credentials Guessing - 2
  • Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
    • Python - XSS
    • NodeJS - XSS
    • Java - XSS
  • Cross Site Scripting - Attribute (XSS-Attribute)
    • Python - XSS-Attribute
    • NodeJS - XSS-Attribute
  • Cross Site Scripting - href (XSS-href)
    • Python - XSS-href
    • NodeJS - XSS-href
    • Java - XSS-href
  • Cross Site Scripting - DOM (XSS-DOM)
    • Python - XSS-DOM
    • NodeJS - XSS-DOM
    • Java - XSS-DOM
  • Cross Site Scripting - DOM-2 (XSS-DOM-2)
    • Python - XSS-DOM-2
    • NodeJS - XSS-DOM-2
    • Java - XSS-DOM-2
  • Cross Site Scripting - Stored (XSS-Stored)
    • Java - XSS-Stored
  • CSRF
    • Python - CSRF
    • NodeJS - CSRF
    • Java - CSRF
  • CSRF - Samesite
    • Python - CSRF-SameSite
    • NodeJS - CSRF-SameSite
    • Java - CSRF-SameSite
  • CSRF - Weak
    • Python - CSRF-Weak
    • NodeJS - CSRF-Weak
    • Java - CSRF-Weak
  • CSS Injection (CSSI)
    • Python - CSS Injection (CSSI)
    • NodeJS - CSS Injection (CSSI)
    • Java - CSS Injection (CSSI)
  • Deserialisation Java (DES-Java)
    • Java - Deserialisation Java (DES-Java)
  • Deserialisation Yaml (DES-Yaml)
    • Python - Deserialisation Yaml (DES-Yaml)
  • Deserialisation Pickle (DES-Pickle)
    • Python - Deserialisation Pickle (DES-Pickle)
  • Deserialisation Pickle 2 (DES-Pickle-2)
    • Python - Deserialisation Pickle 2 (DES-Pickle-2)
  • DoS Regex
    • Python - DoS Regex
    • NodeJS - DoS Regex
    • Java - DoS Regex
  • File upload
    • Python - File-Upload
    • NodeJS - File-Upload
    • Java - File-Upload
  • Formula Injection
    • Python - Formula Injection
    • NodeJS - Formula Injection
    • Java - Formula Injection
  • GraphQL DOS
    • Python - GraphQL DOS
  • GraphQL IDOR
    • Python - GraphQL IDOR
    • NodeJS - GraphQL IDOR
    • Java - GraphQL IDOR
  • GraphQL Injections
    • Python - GraphQL Injections
    • NodeJS - GraphQL Injections
    • Java - GraphQL Injections
  • GraphQL Introspection
    • Python - GraphQL Introspection
    • NodeJS - GraphQL Introspection
    • Java - GraphQL Introspection
  • GraphQL Mutations
    • Python - GraphQL Mutations
    • NodeJS - GraphQL Mutations
    • Java - GraphQL Mutations
  • Host Header Injection (Authentication Bypass)
    • Python - HttpOnly Session Hijacking XSS
  • HttpOnly Session Hijacking XSS
    • Python - HttpOnly Session Hijacking XSS
    • NodeJS - HttpOnly Session Hijacking XSS
    • Java - HttpOnly Session Hijacking XSS
  • Information Leakeage in Comments
    • Python - Information Leakeage in Comments
    • NodeJS - Information Leakeage in Comments
    • Java - Information Leakeage in Comments
  • Information Leakeage in Metadata
    • Python - Information Leakeage in Metadata
    • NodeJS - Information Leakeage in Metadata
    • Java - Information Leakeage in Metadata
  • Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
    • Python - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
    • NodeJS - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
    • Java - Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
  • JWT Null
    • Python - JWT Null
    • NodeJS - JWT Null
    • Java - JWT Null
  • JWT Secret
    • Python - JWT Secret
    • NodeJS - JWT Secret
    • Java - JWT Secret
  • Ldap Injection
    • Python - Ldap Injection
    • NodeJS - Ldap Injection
    • Java - Ldap Injection
  • Ldap Injection - harder
    • Python - Ldap Injection - harder
    • NodeJS - Ldap Injection - harder
    • Java - Ldap Injection - harder
  • Local File Inclusion 1 (LFI-1)
    • Python - Local File Inclusion 1 (LFI-1)
    • NodeJS - Local File Inclusion 1 (LFI-1)
    • Java - Local File Inclusion 1 (LFI-1)
  • Local File Inclusion 2 (LFI-2)
    • Python - Local File Inclusion 2 (LFI-2)
    • NodeJS - Local File Inclusion 2 (LFI-2)
    • Java - Local File Inclusion 2 (LFI-2)
  • Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)
    • Python - Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)
    • NodeJS - Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)
    • Java - Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)
  • Parameter Binding
    • Ruby - Parameter Binding
    • NodeJS - Parameter Binding
    • Java - Parameter Binding
  • Prototype Pollution
    • NodeJS - Prototype Pollution
  • Race Condition
    • Python - Race Condition
    • NodeJS - Race Condition
    • Java - Race Condition
  • Race Condition File-Write
    • Python - Race Condition File-Write
    • NodeJS - Race Condition File-Write
    • Java - Race Condition File-Write
  • Ratelimiting (Brute-force login)
    • Python - Ratelimiting
    • NodeJS - Ratelimiting
    • Java - Ratelimiting
  • Remote File Inclusion (RFI)
    • Python - Remote File Inclusion (RFI)
    • NodeJS - Remote File Inclusion (RFI)
    • Java - Remote File Inclusion (RFI)
  • Right To Left Override (RTLO)
    • Python - Right To Left Override (RTLO)
    • NodeJS - Right To Left Override (RTLO)
    • Java - Right To Left Override (RTLO)
  • Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
    • Python - Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
    • NodeJS - Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
  • Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)
    • Python - Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)
    • Java - Server Side Template Injection (SSTI)
  • Session Hijacking XSS
  • Session Puzzling
    • Python - Session Puzzling
    • NodeJS - Session Puzzling
    • Java - Session Puzzling
  • Session Management 1
    • Python - Session Management 1
  • SQLI (Union)
    • Python - SQLI (Union)
    • NodeJS - SQLI (Union)
    • Java - SQLI (Union)
  • SQLI Login Bypass
    • Python - Login Bypass
  • SQLI (Like)
    • Python - SQLI (Like)
    • NodeJS - SQLI (Like)
    • Java - SQLI (Like)
  • SQLI (Blind)
    • Python - SQLI (Blind)
    • NodeJS - SQLI (Blind)
    • Java - SQLI (Blind)
  • TLS Downgrade
    • Python - TLS Downgrade
  • Untrusted Sources (XSSI)
    • Python - Untrusted Sources (XSSI)
    • NodeJS - Untrusted Sources (XSSI)
    • Java - Untrusted Sources (XSSI)
  • URL Redirection
    • Python - URL Redirection
    • NodeJS - URL Redirection
    • Java - URL Redirection
  • URL Redirection - Harder
    • Python - URL Redirection - Harder
    • NodeJS - URL Redirection - Harder
    • Java - URL Redirection - Harder
  • URL Redirection - Harder-2
    • Python - URL Redirection - Harder-2
    • NodeJS - URL Redirection - Harder-2
    • Java - URL Redirection - Harder-2
  • WebSocket Message Manipulation
    • Python - WebSocket Message Manipulation
  • XML External Entity (XXE)
    • Python - XXE
    • NodeJS - XXE
    • Java - XXE
  • Exposed docker daemon
    • Python - Exposed docker daemon
  • Insecure Random
    • Python - Insecure Random
  • template item
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • Running the app on Docker
  • Reconnaissance
  • Exploitation
  • Additional sources

Was this helpful?

Edit on GitHub
Export as PDF
  1. Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)

Python - Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)

Running the app on Docker

$ sudo docker pull blabla1337/owasp-skf-lab:lfi-3
$ sudo docker run -ti -p 127.0.0.1:5000:5000 blabla1337/owasp-skf-lab:lfi-3

Now that the app is running let's go hacking!

Reconnaissance

Local File Inclusion (also known as LFI) is the process of including files, that are already locally present on the server, through the exploiting of vulnerable inclusion procedures implemented in the application. This vulnerability occurs, for example, when a page receives, as input, the path to the file that has to be included and this input is not properly sanitized, allowing directory traversal characters (such as dot-dot-slash) to be injected. Although most examples point to vulnerable PHP scripts, we should keep in mind that it is also common in other technologies such as JSP, ASP and others.

Warning: To successfully test for this flaw, the tester needs to have knowledge of the system being tested and the location of the files being requested. There is no point requesting /etc/passwd from an IIS web server.

Some Examples:

http://example.com/getUserProfile.jsp?item=../../../../etc/passwd

Cookie: USER=1826cc8f:PSTYLE=../../../../etc/passwd

Exploitation

The File Inclusion vulnerability allows an attacker to include a file, usually exploiting a "dynamic file inclusion" mechanisms implemented in the target application. The vulnerability occurs due to the use of user-supplied input without proper validation.

This can lead to something as outputting the contents of the file, but depending on the severity, it can also lead to:

Code execution on the web server

Code execution on the client-side such as JavaScript

which can lead to other attacks such as:

Cross-site scripting (XSS)

Denial of Service (DoS)

Sensitive Information Disclosure

Let us see how can we exploit the file inclusion vulnerability in a real world scenario, the application here allows us to view details on Intro, Chapter1, Chapter2 and so on.

We could try to modify the "intro" item and attempt to access the world-readable /etc/passwd file by directory traversal. This will not work since the webserver does not accept the '../' sequence at all.

We might success if we URL encode our payload(../../../../../../../etc/passwd) like this:

%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2fetc%2fpasswd

It seems not to work...

Let's try to double URL encode our payload like this:

%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252f%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd

Or like this:

%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%25%32%65%25%32%65%25%32%66%65%74%63%25%32%66%70%61%73%73%77%64

Success! As we observed, we can access the /etc/passwd file through LFI.

Additional sources

PreviousLocal File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)NextNodeJS - Local File Inclusion 3 (LFI-3)

Last updated 2 years ago

Was this helpful?

https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_Local_File_Inclusion